![]() Since DCs have numerous cytoplasmic processes, they have a high surface area permitting intimate contact with a large number of surrounding cells, e.g. During the development of an adaptive immune response, the phenotype and function of DCs play an extremely important role in initiating tolerance, memory, and polarised T-helper 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 differentiation. myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs although all DCs are capable of antigen uptake, processing and presentation to naive T cells, the DC subtypes have distinct markers and differ in location, migratory pathways, detailed immunological function and dependence on infections or inflammatory stimuli for their generation. DCs are specialised to capture and process antigens, converting proteins to peptides that are presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules recognised by T cells. They can also be propagated in vitro from BM and blood using various combinations of growth factors, such as granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF) and Flt3 ligand. ![]() DCs are bone marrow ( BM) -derived leukocytes and are the most potent type of antigen-presenting cells. Paul Langerhans first described DCs in human skin in 1868 but thought they were cutaneous nerve cells. Dendritic cells (DCs), named for their probing, ‘tree-like’ or dendritic shapes, are responsible for the initiation of adaptive immune responses and hence function as the ‘sentinels’ of the immune system.
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